Mr Speaker, I rise to support the recommendations made by the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights.

The Committee’s Report marks an historic breakthrough in what has been a long and difficult debate on section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act. Section 18C has been an intractable political issue since 2011.  Both sides of the debate have dug into their trenches around the principles of freedom of speech and the need for protection from serious abuse on the basis of race.

For the first time this Report provides a path to fix the problems with section 18C, while maintaining its important role as a limited protection against serious racial abuse.

Since late November, the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights has been conducting an inquiry into the operation and administration of Part IIA of the Racial Discrimination Act. The Inquiry has received submissions and heard evidence from a full range of interested parties, including complainants, respondents, jurists, academics, administrators, news organisations, Indigenous and ethnic communities.  In total, the Inquiry received more than 11,000 submissions and heard evidence from 100 witnesses.

The great success of this Inquiry has been that it has revealed the underlying problem that has fuelled the debate on section 18C. That is, that the problem lies in the way the law has been administered and on that point there is bipartisan consensus.  The process for handling section 18C complaints as it currently stands can be slow, onerous for respondents and is at odds with the case law.  The threshold for making a complaint is so low it is virtually redundant.

The problem with having such a poor administrative process is that it makes section 18C seem, to non-experts, to be much broader than it actually is. The way in which the law has been administered, including the extremely low threshold for making a complaint – sometimes only one line dashed off in a quick email – has totally undermined the original intent of the provision.   The ability to make complaints based on very little information, almost a year after the action was taken as in the QUT case, has understandably warped the public perception of 18C, which was always designed to be a very limited protection available for the most serious types of complaint.

Over the course of our Inquiry we have heard from scores of people who, despite having vastly different views on section 18C, have all agreed that the complaints handling process needs to be fixed or as some put it to us: the ‘process is the punishment’.

The QUT case illustrated the problems with the administration of the law. During the Inquiry we heard from some of the students who shared with us their terrible story of not knowing for years a complaint had been laid against them, of being hauled before the Commission and then taken to Court. Over a period of years they incurred significant cost in time, money and damage to reputation, only to have the complaint brought against them struck out as having no reasonable prospect of success.

We also heard from cartoonist Bill Leak who spoke of the stress and anxiety he suffered throughout the process, despite the clear artistic exemption that should have seen the complaint rejected instantly.

Ms Helen Kapalos, Chair of the Victorian Multicultural Commission made the following comments about focussing on process change, ‘I think you are absolutely right in endorsing a stronger process and looking at the complaint-handling mechanism’.

The President for the Federation of Indian Associations of NSW, Dr Yadu Singh, appeared before the Committee and noted that the QUT case highlighted problems with the process. Dr Singh told the committee, ‘…I believe the Australian Human Rights Commission Act should be amended so that the complaints-handling process could be streamlined.’

The Institute of Public Affairs, which has been a vocal supporter for repealing section 18C has conceded that process changes would be an improvement in the law.

Even the Commission itself recognised the need for changes to the way the law is administered.

The process changes recommended in the committee’s report will address the problems identified by the hard cases and ensure that cases like QUT and Bill Leak won’t happen again.

On this point I would like to note the comments of Tony Morris QC in today’s Australian. Tony Morris was the lawyer to the QUT students. He is a hero to many fair minded Australians for offering his services pro bono to the students.

Tony Morris is a supporter of the Repeal of section 18C but his comment illustrates why the reforms to the complaints handling process are so important. I want to draw the attention of the House to these comments because they are very significant.

Mr Morris told the Australian:

“When you analyse all the impediments that they (and in this, he means the Committee) are putting in the way of someone making an unjustified complaint, the reality is they are putting an end to the industry….The recommendations are not what some of us who oppose 18C wanted, but I suspect they will do the job.’’

The Australian noted that:

Mr Morris said that if the recommendations were introduced, a complaint similar to those against the QUT students would go nowhere.

Mr Morris went on:

“The best part is the combined effect of all the protections they are proposing to put in for respondents to complaints… If the report’s recommendations are adopted, it will lead to a level playing field so that respondents enjoy rights similar to complainants.”

Tony Morris’ intervention in this debate is highly significant.

We can all take a philosophical position on either side of this issue but what this Committee report does is address the practical concerns raised by the QUT and Bill Leak cases. Taking a practical approach provides us with a way forward for the first time in six years. I encourage all members to consider the report and reflect on it carefully.

Some commentators have suggested that the recommendations don’t do anything. Might I suggest that they have a closer look at the report as the recommendations dealing with the complaints handling process are highly significant.

Recommendations 

The recommendations will do a number of things.

Firstly, they will raise the threshold for complaints – so that less serious matters will not warrant consideration by the Commission. Specifically, any complaint will be required to allege an act which, if true could constitute unlawful discrimination.  It will need to set out sufficient details of the allegation and a lodgement fee will be required to be lodged with the Commission.  This will set a deterrent for nuisance cases. Penalties would be introduced for legal practitioners who institute complaints that have no reasonable prospects of success and for legal practitioners or complainants who act unreasonably in the process.

Second, the proposals are designed to create a more level playing field by empowering the Commission to give reasonable assistance to respondents to match its current powers for complainants and by imposing time limits on the complaints handling process, in particular for notifying respondents.

Third, the recommendations give the Commission greater powers to terminate complaints, allowing the Commission to terminate earlier and expanding the grounds so that a complaint can be terminated if it is assessed to be unwarranted or to have no reasonable prospect of success.

Fourth, the recommendations will also restrict access to the Courts following a complaint’s termination by the Commission by requiring complainants to seek leave of the Court and to provide security for costs before commencing proceedings.

And finally the recommendations create greater accountability by providing for parliamentary oversight of the Human Rights Commission – which has been accused of being a law unto itself.

The recommendations are ground-breaking for what they will achieve.

First and foremost, they will get section 18C off the front pages and allow it to perform its intended function as a limited but effective protection against racial hatred; they will place the onus on the Human Rights Commission and on the lawyers who bring complaints to get the process right; and they will help bolster freedom of speech by limiting the types of complaints that are deemed worthy of further consideration by the Commission.

I know this Report has been criticised yesterday for providing the Government options for dealing with section 18C reflecting the diversity of opinion on a bipartisan committee. To be clear my own preferred option is to codify the test set out by Justice Kiefel in 2001 and repeatedly applied for the last 16 years that 18C refers to the discrimination which must have “profound and serious effects not to be likened to mere slights.”  Such a codification will help the public understanding that the words in section 18C, have not been given their natural and ordinary meaning but apply to a far more limited range of complaints.

But I want to be crystal clear. The root cause of problem is that the legislation has not been administered properly.  The way in which the legislation has been applied by the Australian Human Rights Commission has allowed nuisance complaints to be treated with the same level of consideration as serious complaints.

But when you look at the problem forensically.

When you try to uncover the root cause.

When you try to properly diagnose so that you can then prescribe the required medicine, all the evidence indicates that the process is the problem.

That is why we have recommended significant and serious process changes.

Should these recommendations be adopted, they will go a long way to bridging the gulf between the public perception of what the legislation does and the reality of its legal application.

It is important that we provide some protection against the worst types of hate speech. While freedom of speech is fundamental to any democratic society the Anglo Australian tradition is not one of unrestrained free speech.

The case law on section 18C is settled. It has provided a limited but important protection against Holocaust denial and serious racial abuse against Indigenous people and ethnic communities. At the same time the defences in section 18D, described by Professor Adrienne Stone as a ‘set of defences which have no equal in their extensiveness in any of the law anywhere in the world’, have allowed fair and reasonable public comment and artistic expression through cartoons and satire. The real problem has been the process. For the first time in six years, the Parliament has bipartisan support to fix it.

Section 18C should go back to being a limited protection for only the very worst kind of behaviour – an ‘in case of emergency break glass’ provision – which is what it was always intended to be.

Mr Speaker, I commend this Report to the House.

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Dr Yadu Singh

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